Reverse of Aging, Mechanism of Aging

First, the autophagy-mediated increase in cytoplasmic turnover antagonizes the degeneration of organelles and macromolecular complexes. Second, autophagy may improve the mechanisms of energy homeostasis, thus facilitating the maintenance of genomic and epigenomic stability and improving the acuity of nutrient sensing.

Third, autophagy has marked anti-inflammatory and immune response-improving effects, thus ameliorating system homeostasis. And fourth, thus far neglected, its effects might be related to circadian clocks.

Admittedly, the multiple pathways through which autophagy can reduce ageing require further in-depth exploration. However, irrespective of the mechanistic uncertainties, the concept that even for humans ageing is not an unalterable process is clearly emerging.

how does autophagy affect aging

In this context, molecular chaperones, classically associated with protein folding, unfolding and assembling have been revealed as important modulators of selectivity during the autophagic process.

Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to changes in membrane potential, ROS production, ATP production, and
Ca2+ homeostasis. In response to these changes, cells
induce compensatory pathways, including autophagy
(194).

This preferential degradation of damaged
mitochondria before inducing apoptotic cell death is
believed to be either a mechanism for mitochondrial
quality control and/or an important cytoprotective
response

proteostasis and aging

The proteostasis network and its decline in ageing